Questionnaire

Questionnaire

Today in class me and my group talked about what questions we want to ask in are questionnaire. The following below is are final draft of what we came up with. The reason for these questions are because we thought these questions would help us when putting are final project together.

1. What age are you?
U14
15 –19
20– 24
25 – 30
30+

2. Are you male or female?
Male
Female

3. What is your favourite colour?

4. Do you usually watch documentaries?
Yes
No

5. What 3 words would summarise happiness to you?

6. Are you happy?
Yes
No

7. What makes you happy?

8. What makes you unhappy?

9. What songs make you happy? List Two.
1....................................................................
2....................................................................

10. Do you think the more money you have the happier you are?
Yes
No

11. Does the weather affect your mood?
Yes
No

12. How?

13. What time of the day do you feel happiest?
Morning
Daytime
Evening
Night

14. What time of the day do you feel least happy?
Morning
Daytime
Evening
Night

15. What type of documentaries do you watch?
Nature
Sport
Real
Life
Investigation

Brain storm for topic of documentary

Today in class me and my group sat together to discuss what we could come up for are documentary. We only came up with a few ideas as one of are first ideas we became very passionate about. In the end we came up with happiness, and were able to write down ideas about happiness in that lesson. Below is the screen graph of the different ideas that me and my group came up with to do with happiness.

Here is a picture of one half




















Here is the picture of the other half of are brain storm




















Here is the full shot of the topic brain storm

Scheduling

The following are the different types of schedules that are shown on TV. They are written in order of when shown.
· Breakfast
· Daytime
· Children’s
· Prime or peck
· Post watershed

These obviously have different target audiences below is who is the target audiences for each.
· Children, working people and parents
· Older people and the unemployed
· Children and parent
· Families
· Adults and teenagers.

The most popular genres shown of TV are following:
· Sitcom
· Soaps
· Documentaries
· Film
· News
· reality TV

I then looked at who is the target audience for each channel
· BBC1- Everyone
· BBC2- Minority
· ITV1- Adults
· Channel 4- Minority
· FIVE- Everyone

Many channels show repeats so when then looked at what percentage on each channel are repeats
BBC1- 3%
BBC2- 50+%
ITV1- 3%
Channel 4 – 50+%
FIVE- 50+%

We then looked at what watershed is and what time it starts.
The watershed is from 9pm onwards were its issued children re in bed. It is for late teens and adults. However it is getting closer to 10pm because children are trying up later.

Enherative- put after an establishing programme to try and get their audience. E.g. Simpsons to family guy
Pre-echo – schuelding a programme before the popular programme.
Hammoening- Programmed put in-between two popular programmes.

documentary

The marketing of Meatloaf - 'The music biz'

Type of documentary: Mixed documentary (parts of it fly on the wall to make it more authentic)

Themes:
The music industry
Meatloaf - the comeback
The making of a music video
Marketing of a celebrity
Manipulation of audience
The channels you have to go through to be number one.

Camerawork:
Opening shot - low angle panning down to set the scene
Camera tracking to follow the event as it happens
Zooming in to certain objects/people to reiterate what they are talking about.
Hand held camera work used in the press areas
Lots of observation of the situation used.
Quick cuts of achieve material.
It flicks between the filing of the video archieve materials.
The filming of the interview is conventional - medium close up or close up or extreme close up used.
Point of view shot used in the bookies.
Panning and zooming is used a lot.


Mise-en- scene :
Brit awards - fans - celebrities- this shows it are a music documentary.
Still images used being interviewees to not take away for what they are saying.
Images changed to anchor the message.
Studio background used during the interview of meatloaf this shows he is a very hard working and driven man.
Chromacky is used a lot - blue and green screen.

Sound:
Narrator - male voice over using a dry and sarcastic tone. Use of Standard English.
Noise of fans screaming
Meatloaf’s music placed throughout
Negative sounds placed with the man talking about 'the bad out of hell two'
Music finishing off narrators sentence 'moving on up'
Tense music used when going up the chart.

Editing:
Cutaways to images - stills and moving
Interviewees faced in and out.
Text also faded in and out.
Text moving across the screen
Cut editing used.
Fast motion editing used out MTV
Editors also use slow motion
They have conventional editing during interviews for example no questions were asked.

Archive Material

Brit wards 1994
Still and moving images of Meatloaf.
TV show footage
Slow motion as the concert is being performed
Zooming in on a past article
Top of the pops footage
Montage of magazines and newspapers on Meatloaf - extreme close up.

Graphics :
Graphics to introduce who is talking- placed at bottom of the screen on the alternate side of the interviewee in white writing and sans sarif font.
The title ran across the screen
And it had rolling credits at the end.

Documentary Analysis

Title of Documentary Lara Croft

Type of documentary:
Mixed

Themes:
The effect of computer games
The repsentation of women
Influence of the media

Narrative Structure:
Closed narrative structure
Single Strand
Non Liner

Camerawork:
Fast motion through the computer place
Left or right
Close up and medium close up and extreme close up
Point of view shot of the game tracking shot and zoom also used
Over the shoulder shot

Mise-en-scene
Game in the background of the interviewed
Chromakey, in the background
Linked it to what was being said
Out of focused
Low key lighting used

Sound:
Non Digetic Music used from the game, reason for this is to get the target audience.
Non digetic music used Madonna’s music
Male and Female voice over
Stated English

Editing:
Interview on a screen in an editing box
Fast Motion editing
Cut shots
Super imposed

Archive Material:
Cutaways of the game
Cutaways of the film
Goes through what people say about her and what they think of her websites
Advert for Nike

Graphics:
To tell people who someone is
At the bottom of the opposite of the interviewer
Low case in white
Rolling credits
Speech bubbles used

Documentary Analysis

The devil made me do it

Type of documentary:
Mixed

Themes:
Crimes for example, murder. The devil Worship Religion. Youth v Parents. Power of the media.

Narrative Structure:
Non linear as it started at the end and then tell the story. Open structure narrative.

Camerawork:
A fan in the crowd at the Marilyn Manson concert - establishing shot (outside/ inside building) Interviews: Close up, medium close up, low angle, interviewee's positioned to left or right.Rule of thirds used- eyeline positioned a third of the way down.Marilyn Manson panned up to connote power.Hand held camera work used as some of it is real footage.Point of view shot of inspector (creative editing) Close up of faces - stock footage- churches, religious iconography (low/high angle) Tracking of police inspector, panning, zoom of still images, Crain in cemetery.Tracking on Manson walking through Rome.P.O.V shot of nun as dies - we are positioned as voyers.Crain shot used in the cemetery.Conventional interview rules used - mostly used a medium close upLong shot of deserted streets.

Mise-en-scene:
Inspector- cap of officer appeared large with himself smaller behind it (low angle) Isolated nunMan visiting graveyardLighting on most of stock footage their very dark apart from one orange or blue glow (Off lamp) Marilyn Manson one to one interviews- low angle connotes powerHis face is half in the dark and half in the light connoting good v bad.

Sound:
Voice over- is a male narrator using Standard English, who is very calm in delivery, he is the glue that holds the narration together.Translating voice over same age and gender of the person on screen.Marilyn Manson music usedReligious music usedSound effects used.

Editing:
Cut edits used Hours of stock footage edited down and matched what the boy being interviewed said that being bored and seeing nun stood around.Priest: Entire interview audio and filmed him he looks very tired, quiet roads ahead signifies loneliness, the lighting of light then dark on the priest's face is a dramatic effect.Killing of the nun: door, the heart beat speeds up and then slows down and then stops when dead. Hitting with the rock and then stabbing alongside the dog barking. Breathing and whispering. Then the church bell singly strikes at death. When Manson fans are on screen they use orchestral music for juxtaposition. Elliptical editing used - fade to black.

Archive Material:
News footage- police investigation, the nun’s funeral, the girl leaving the court. American TV- colomy massacreManson music videoGirls with Marilyn Manson on their chest.Italian TV showsNewspaper cuttings

Graphics:
Font is sans serif in a white colour when the name is placed to the opposing side of the interviewee at the bottom of the screen. There name is in a bigger font then there job title.Cruisifix instead of the letter 'T' in the title.Font on the screen to let the audience know the context for example dates and locations.White text used to close the narrative of trail which was fitting in with the audio being spoken. Rolling credits at the end

Documentary Analysis

Title of programme: Big brother around the world

Type of documentary:
Fully Narrative

Themes:
Reality TV
Big brother though the years
The difference in different countries

Narrative:
Multi strand narrative

Camerawork:
Medium shots
Long shots
Rule of third used, left to right when doing an interview

Mise-en-scene:
Big brother studio in the background when Dermiet is talking
In the big brother chair
Outside the main entrance where the big brother eye is
Walking up the big brother stairs

Sound:
Non digetic music when looking at archive material
Music used between cuts
Non digetic music to make the scenes more dramatic

Editing:
Subtitles
Graphics used in-between cuts
Presenter on the screen

Archive Material:
Old footage of the old clips in the house
Cut shots
Big brother chair
Screens from the house are shown

Graphics:
Subtitles needed when in a different language
Through the screen

Rolling credits

Documentary Analysis

Title of programme: 911/state of emergency

Type of documentary:
Fly on the wall also sometime self reflexive

Themes:
Death, Self awareness, Sadness

Narrative Structure:
Talks us through there for omniscient (voice of god)
Single strand

Camerawork:
Real footage used. Many different types of footage used. Many re-filmed footage of scenes that could not be filmed. There were also cutaway scenes of planes flying.
Rule of three used when recording the interviews.
Also close up used when trying to get the feel of people’s emotions.

Mise-En-Scene:
During the interview in the background it is dark with a red light which I feel may symbolism emergency and danger, it is also used when interviewing the people who lost their loved one. Which again think may symbols there love? All the footage is real footage apart from a few missing scenes. Rule of three is also used.

Sound:
Real voice calls used from people from airplanes ringing. People who rang their loved ones were also used. Non digetic sound is used such a piano music, which was quite sad. Beater music was used which would be to get the audience on the edge and nervous.

Editing:
Many scenes have had to be re-filmed. Real footage is used to try and get the audience the feel of what really happened. Phone calls from real people I also edited in. Non digetic music edited in.

Archive material:
Re-constructed filming of scenes. An example of this was when trapped in the building of one of the towers. Another example is when people on the phone when saying goodbye to their last words to their loved ones.

Graphics:
These where used to explain who people where. Graphics where also used to say where the scene was based.

Documentaries

Documentaries- The different types

The purpose of the documentary is to document, that is to report with evidence, with something that has actually happened. It can show this by using actual footage or reconstruction. It can use a narrator’s voice over to anchor the meaning or rely on the participants themselves with perhaps the occasional interjection by the narrator.

John Grierson- General post office film unit in 1962
He invented the term documentary and he said that 'The creative treatment of actuality'

Documentaries are just about facts, instead facts are used to create social critical arguments. Thereby inviting the audience to draw their own conclusions.


Features of documentaries

John Corner of University of Liverpool

There are five central elements of the documentary

1. Observation - The programme makes pretend that the camera is unseen or ignored by the people taking part in the events. It is like being an eye witness as the events unfold.

2. Interview - Most important aspect. They give opinions and information.

3. Dramatisation - All the documentaries use a sense of drama through the observing element. They also use dramatic reconstruction or used in the observation.

4. Mise-en-scene - Documentary makes carefully constructed shots.

5. Exposition - The line of the argument in a documentary. What the documentary is 'saying'

Types of documentaries

Fully narrated- Commentary throughout to reiterate the images shown on screen and it makes sense of the visuals on screen. The narrator always authoritative but it always off screen.

Fly on the wall- Avoids voices over or commentary camera is non-abrasive as possible. It is like a window in the world, audiences can see as much of the reality as possible. They use a indirect address to the audience, relativity long takes, diagetic sound and they tend to focus on the specific individuals.

Mixed documentary- A combination of interview observation and actually, achieve material and narration to audience the argument/narrative. The narrator is often on screen.

Self reflexive - Documentary maker gives his/her angle on the subject, subject of documentary realises the presence of the camera and speaks directly to the programme maker. They draw attention to the film makers rule in constructing a view of reality.

Docudrama- A re-enactment of events as they are supposed to actually happened.

Docusoaps- A hybrid/combination of styles for example 'airport'. The follow a group of characters. They also focus on entertainment rather than social commentary. They have soap like structure- several interviewing plot lines.

Drama documentary- A documentary work, usually on television or radio, in which real events are re-enacted by actors, or in which real events and characters are mingled with fictional ones.

Structure

Narrative structure open- lose ends that are not tied up at the end
V's
Narrative structure closed - there's a definite conclusion to the narrative

Linear- Follows chronological order

Non-linear - Things are not in time order, use of flashback or flash-forward.

Circular - The beginning is the same as the end.

Interviews

An interview can be held anywhere but the setting does affect meaning. Normally begin the factual information and questions first to put the interviewee at ease, then the more taxing and emotional questions at the end.

Visuals

Television is a visual medium. The programme needs to stimulate to maintain the audiences interest. They have to entertain. Archive material street scene, open countryside, close up of face is the main part of the stock material used to suggest the intended meaning or emotional equalities of a particular theme. Interviews can be held anywhere but the setting does affect the meaning.

Construction of reality

The media are responsible for the majority of the observation and experience from which we build up our personal understandings of the world and how it works. Much of our view of reality is based on media messages that have been pre- constructed and have attitudes, interceptions and conclusions already built in. The media, to a great extent gives us our sense of reality.

Gate keeping - The selection and rejection of information/content for inclusion in the media text.

Editing process - Chop up the interview. Where gate keeping happens in a documentary.

Voice over- Can affect the meaning.

Vox pop
Vox populis - voice of the people

Technique consists of the street interviews of the general public asked the same question, the answers are then strung together in a fast sequence. They are good for suggesting a general agreement or the diversity of opinion.
You set a camera up in the street and ask passers by the same question.

Narrative Conventions

Documentaries rely heavily on traditional conventions of narrative i.e. beginning, middle and end.

Beginning- Central question of the documentary can be posed at the beginning in an intriguing way.
Most dramatic pieces of action footage can also be placed at the start of some quick interview cuts in conflict with each other can get the audience’s attention.

Middle- Often examines the issue in human terms focusing on people and their opinions. Conflict is strengthened in the middle section however conflicting evidence may be introduced but all complications must eventually support the exposition (line of argument).

End - Exposition is fully apparent by the end. The audience has no doubts to what the programme is saying and there may even be a course of action the audience can take to address the problem.